Valve-gear for internal-combustion engines.



H. F. LLOYD.

VALVE GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

A P P L I U A T I 0 N F I L B D A P E Z 8 1 B D 7.

903,741. Patented Nov. 10, 1908.

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H. F. LLUYD. VALVE GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLIUATION TILED A1 11. as. 1907.

903,741. Patented Nov. 10, 1908. 2 BHEETSBHEBT 2.

1 g I a d i h i 5 Z I 4 w x f g Q Q L Q gL A 7 T E SE //VVNTOR UNITEDSTATES OFFICE.

HERBERT Fll'llll lllSlON LLOYD, OF SUTTON ()ULlJl lELD, NEAR BIRMINGHAM,[ENGLA ND.

VALVE-GEAR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 26, 1907.

Patented Nov. 10, 1908.

Serial No. 370,533.

To all whom it may concern:

Be .it known that I, HERBERT Fn'rnnnsron LLOYD, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain and Ireland, and residing at Coleshill Lodge, SuttonColdfield, near Birmingham, in the county of Warwick, England, haveinvented certain new and useful Improve ments in and Relating toValveG-ear for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the constantpressure, slow combustion or flame type, working 6. g. with a two orfour stroke cycle. In engines of this type at present proposed the flameis not usually under control and causes undue heating of parts adjacentthe point of ignition, combustion is imperfect and obtained withdifliculty, the flame is liable to strike back to the point of entranceof the gases, and much heat is lost through the inclosing walls of theengine.

The object of my invention is to construct an engine which shallovercome these difficulties and be commercially practicable.

My invention consists in an internal combustion engine of the flametype, having a movable valve with inducing nozzles, said valve itselfbeing adapted to control the induction through the nozzles.

My invention further consists in an internal combustion engine in whichthe mixture during combustlon is separated from the inclosing walls byair or other inert gas directed by an annular shell or the like.

Referring to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, Figure 1 representsin elevation a vertical engine constructed according to one form of myinvention, Fig. 2 being a detail view of the same to an enlarged scale.

In carrying my invention into effect according to the form illustrated,applied by way of example in a two stroke type gas engine in which mainand auxiliary air supplies are used, I construct near the end of thecylinder, 61., three inlets, 6, 0,01, preferably leading to annularports, 6, f, and g, respectively in a valve chamber. Working in thevalvechamber is a hollow piston valve, it, having three openings, 2', j, andk, this last in the form illustrated being formed by the externalshoulder of the valve, adapted to register with the annular portsreferred to above, two of the openings in this instance i and beingconstructed to act as inducing nozzles. ly the use of a COlTllJlllQtlinlet and mixing valve it is apparent that the necessary clearancevolume is reduced, that the gases are thoroughly mixed in a shortlength. and waste of combustible after cut-off minimized.

The inlet for the first port, 9, is connected with a reservoir ofcompressed air at say 200 lbs. per square inch pressure, in thisinstance obtained from an air pump cylinder, Z, operated from the engineshaft, n. The inlet for the second port, f, is connected with say gas at190 lbs. per square inch, in this instance obtained from a gas pump, 0,operated from the main shaft, 92, a convenient size for which isapproximately one-eighth of the capacity of the air pump when the latteris of the same capacity as the motor cylinder. The third inlet for theport, 6, is connected with a supply of air at about in this example, 180lbs. per square inch pressure.

The gas and air inlets are shown together for purposes of illustrationbut are preferably led in at different angles for constructionalpurposes. Gas and air receivers diagrammatically represented as 3 and 13respectively may be provided in any suitable place, and are convenientlymade of weldless steel tubing.

When the openings in the valve register with the ports in the pistonchamber the 200 lbs. pressure air entering the valve at 2', will inducegas already at 190 lbs. at, 9', and then the second air supply of 180lbs. at, The second air supply is divided into two parts, the main partmixes with the air and gas from the first and second ports and formspart of the combustible mixture and passes into the space, 79. The otherpart of the second air supply referred to above flows in a narrow space,9', between the 'external Walls, 9", and an annular shell, .5, formingthe wall of the chamber, This part of the'air prevents to a great extentloss of heat from the chamber, p, and also injury to the inclosingwalls, because the greater part of it travels axially thus forming anannulus of air. Some portion however may mix with the burning gases andproducts of combustion and thus reduce their temperature. The proportionwhich mixes with the products depends chiefly on the dimensions of theannular shell 8 which may be varied as desired. It should here also henoted that combustion lakes place rhielly inside the cylinder and thereis there l'ore no separate combustion chamber praw tically speaking.

Suitable openings, for example, in and u, in the annular shell areprovided for an ignition device, a, and also for a connection with theexhaust, 5 res 'icctivcly.

The exhaust valve, 2, is operated as usual from an exhaust valve rod, 1,in connection with the Jam shaft and the piston valve from a pistonvalve rod, 2. The ignition device illustrated is of the well known highvoltage type controlled from ignition gear 4. on the valve shaft, inthis instance running at the same speed as the main shaft.

The cam shaft, 5, slides inside the hollow valve shaft, 6, and has keyedon to it three taper cams, 7, 8, and 9, by keys passing through slots inthe shaft 6 operating the motor cylinder cut off, air pump admission andgas pump admission valves respectively. These cams are adapted to bemoved by the governor and so vary the engine cut oil and the amount ofcharge in the pumps, according to the demand.

Although I have described my invention as applied to a gas engine I mayalso apply it to any form of internal combustion engine, for example,one using liquid fuel ap propriately vaporized. Further the pres suresreferred to herein may be varied as necessary as they are only insertedfor explanation of the invention in one form. Further my invention isapplicable to engines of any size. The example illustrated wouldconveniently be made with a cylinder of 4: inch bore and 8 inch stroke,and a piston valve of 1 inch diameter by ,3 inch stroke. For a largerengine the exhaust opening, a, could be relatively smaller than thatshown and therefore not interrupt the annular shell, 8, so much as thatillustrated.

An engine such as I have described may be applied to motor cars, as amarine engine or as a stationary engine, its chief advantages for theseand other purposes being that it is self-starting with the crank inforward position, or if there are a suflicient number of cranks, silentand smooth in running owing to absence of explosion, and possesses greatflexibility due to its variable cut oil.

Although in the form shown I have used electric ignition, any othersuitable type of ignition may be utilized, and I may if desired use themotor cylinder for compressing the air or part of the air and exhaust atconstant volume, forming a modified Diesel or like engine in whicheither a two or four stroke cycle could be followed. The third inletinstead of supplying an additional quantity of air may instead supplyother inert elastic fluid or the engine may be constructed without saidinlet.

In the deslription ol' the piston valve it is to be understood lhat thesuction indie-ed in the. two nozzles need not take place through theinlerior ol' the valve but that induced from the end nozzle mayconveniently occur around the periphery of the same, as shown in Fig. 2.

In the operation of my device a. piston type of valve is not essentialand therefore l do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to thistype, although it. forms a convenient and simple kind of valve. Furtherit should be noted that means for the reciprocation and governing of thevalve are not herein described as any suitable means may be employed.

The position of the valve ports may if desired be arranged to cut offthe fuel supply before the air whereby the flame is prevented fromstriking back to the nozzle, and the dimensions of the nozzles arepreferably such that the mixture is only properly combustible after ithas passed the end nozzle. Ily this means the ignition may be delayed topractically any required extent. It will be seen that this engine caneasily be arranged for reversing.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination in an internal combustionengine of the constant pressure type, an annular shell acting to producean axially moving fluid annulus insulating the flame and hot gases fromtheir inclosing walls; as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In combination in an internal combustion engine of the constantpressure type, a combined inlet valve and mixing device, air ports insaid valve, gas ports in said valve, the ports being arranged for theinduction of one fluid by the other; as set forth.

3. In combination in an internal combustion engine of the constantpressure type, a movable valve with inducing nozzles, said valve itselfacting to control the induction through the nozzles.

4. In combination in an internal combustion engine of the constantpressure type, a movable valve, ports in said valve, ports in thecylinder with which the valve ports are adapted to register atintervals, means for delivering air under pressure to one of saidcylinder )orts, and means for delivering gas at a ,di erent pressure toanother of said ports, the fluid of greater pressure acting to induceinto the cylinder the fluid of less pressure, and an annular shelladapted to insulate the hot gases from the external walls; as set forth.

5. In combination in an internal combus tion engine of the constantpressure type, a movable hollow valve, two ports leadin to the interiorof said valve, a reduced on on said valve, an air port in the cylinderadapted at one position of the movable valve to register with one ofsaid valve ports, a gas port in the cylinder adapted to register withanother of said valve ports and another air or inert fluid port oppositewhich is the reduced portion of the valve when. the air and. gas portsin the cylinder and valve register, an annular shell arranged to leavean annular fluid space between the hot fluids and the external Walls,one edge of said shell entering a space between the reduced end of thevalve and the surrounding wall and means for admitting air underpressure to one of said ports, means for admitting gas at less pressureto another of said ports and 15 means for admitting fluid at a stillless pressure to the other of said ports whereby the fluid at higherpressure acts to induce the fluids of less pressure.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature 20 in presence of twowitnesses.

HERBERT FITHERSTON LLOYD.

Witnesses LEWIS DRAKE BROCKMANN, J. P. PIERSON.

